Plant Design and Operations
Lowest Level of Risk (BSEE)
Overview (BSEE Risk)
As part of its Well Control Rule BSEE appears to have made a major change in the manner in which offshore risk is to be managed. Section 250.107(a)(3) states,
[y]ou must protect health, safety, property and the environment by utilizing recognized engineering practices that reduce risks to the lowest level practicable when conducting design, fabrication, installation, operation, inspection, repair, and maintenance activities.
Event Tree Analysis
Overview
Event Tree Analysis (ETA) uses the same logical and mathematical techniques as Fault Tree Analysis. However, whereas a fault tree analyzes how an undesirable top event may occur, an event tree considers the impact of the failure of a particular component or item in the system, and works out the effect such a failure will have on the overall system risk or reliability. Event trees use an inductive approach, whereas fault trees are deductive. Event trees were developed for the nuclear industry. They are much less widely used in the process industries.
Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS)
History of Safety Management in the Process Industries
Video
History Safety Management: we have published a 30 minute video package that shows how safety management systems in the process and energy industries have developed during the course of the last 300 years. The YouTube video shown at the end of this page provides a short extract.
Standard Examples
We have developed a set of process safety management standard examples that are used to illustrate some of the concepts and ideas developed in our publications.
Example 1 - Facility Design
A process consists of four operating units and a utilities section. A schematic of the system is shown in Figure 1.
Flammable and Combustible Materials
The material in this article is extracted from Chapter 1 of the 2nd edition of the book Plant Design and Operations and in the ebook 52 Process Safety Moments.
Stairways and Ladders
An updated version of this page is available here.

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Fault Tree Analysis
The content of this Article has been moved to Safety Moment #94: Fault Tree Analysis.